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The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige) is a Nordic country
in Scandinavia.It is bordered by Norway in the west, Finland in the northeast,
the Skagerrak Strait and the Kattegat Strait in the southwest, and the Baltic
Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia in the east.It is connected to Denmark in
the southwest by the Oresund Bridge.Sweden has a low population density
except in its metropolitan areas, with most of the inland consisting of forests.
The country has large natural resources of water, timber, and iron ore.
Its citizens enjoy a high standard of living in a country that is generally
perceived as clean, modern, and liberal.
Following the end of the Viking Age, Sweden became part of the Kalmar Union together
with Denmark and Norway (Finland at this time was a part of the Swedish kingdom).
Sweden left the union in the beginning of the 16th century, and more or less constantly
battled its neighbours for many years, especially Russia and the still united Denmark-
Norway, which never completely accepted Sweden leaving the union. In the 17th century
Sweden extended its territory through warfare and became a Great Power, twice its
current size. By 1814 Sweden had lost its empire as well as Finland, previously an
integral part of the Kingdom of Sweden.
Sweden has been a major European exporter of iron, copper and timber since the Middle Ages.
However, improved transportation and communication allowed it to utilize natural assets from
different parts of the country on a far larger scale, most notably timber and iron ore. Economic
liberalization as well as universal schooling contributed to the rapid industrialization and by the
1890s the country had begun to develop an advanced manufacturing industry. In the 20th century
a welfare state began to emerge. Today, Sweden is a generally considered a modern post-industrial country dominated by social liberal political ideas.
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